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    Normally, ferritin in men does not exceed 300. If the test is positive, go to the third step.

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The third step is also called the disease confirmation step (hemochromatosis). Phlebotomy (bleeding) is a therapeutic and diagnostic measure in which a certain amount of blood is extracted.

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The diagnostic method is called indirect quantitative phlebotomy. It consists in removing 3 grams of plaquenil pills. Carry out weekly bloodletting. 500 milliliters of blood contains 200 milligrams of iron. If after removal of 3 g of iron from the body the patient becomes better, the diagnosis is finally confirmed.

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A liver biopsy is often used (taking a piece of tissue for examination). The biopsy is performed using a special thin needle. Often, a biopsy is performed under the guidance of an ultrasound machine. Liver biopsy is currently the most informative method for predicting the disease. Iron is determined using a special Perez stain. After staining, the amount of iron in the liver tissue is determined. the higher it is, the worse the prognosis. Normally, the amount of iron contained in the dried liver tissue does not exceed 1800 micrograms per 1 g. With hemochromatosis, this figure is higher than 10,000 micrograms per 1 g of dried liver.

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The development of liver failure with cirrhosis of the liver. Cirrhosis is the replacement of normal liver tissue with fibrous connective tissue. The danger of cirrhosis is that the liver can no longer perform its functions to the fullest. The functions of of taking Plaquenil pills, the synthesis of various proteins and coagulation factors are impaired. Sepsis is a severe complicationita) of the duodenum.

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The absorption process involves the so-called DMT-1 transporter, a protein that transports iron from the intestinal lumen to the enterocyte. The microelement then transports apotransferin, a protein that transports it to the liver. In the liver, iron binds to another carrier protein, transferrin. Normally, transferrin is 33% saturated with iron. With hemochromatosis, the percentage of transferrin saturation is 100%. In cirrhosis, there is an irreversible replacement of organ cells with fibrous tissue.

The main consequence of cirrhosis, as a rule, is a significant decrease in liver function.

Patients who are identified in the initial stages of the disease do not complain. In the early stages of the disease, weakness and malaise appear. At later stages, signs of damage to individual organs are noted. Pigmentation of the skin (face, front of the forearm, upper hand, navel, nipples and external genitalia). This symptom occurs in 90% of cases. Skin pigmentation is due to the deposition of hemosiderin, and partly melanin. Hemosiderin is a dark yellow pigment composed of iron oxide. It is formed after the breakdown of hemoglobin and the subsequent destruction of the ferritin protein.

With the accumulation of a large amount of hemosiderin, the skin takes on a brown or bronze tint. Lack of hair on face and body. Pain in the abdomen of varying intensity, not having a specific localization. This symptom occurs in 30-40% of cases. Abdominal pain is often accompanied by dyspeptic disorders. Dyspeptic syndrome includes several symptoms. nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lack of appetite. Nausea is an unpleasant sensation in the stomach or along the esophagus. Nausea is usually accompanied by dizziness and weakness.

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An interview with a doctor The doctor will ask you about your complaints. He will especially dwell on the question - did any of the relatives suffer from a similar disease.

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Examination During the examination, the doctor will pay attention to the color of the skin (presence of pigmentation). Also, the doctor will be interested in the absence of hair on the face and torso. Palpation (palpation) of the abdomen The liver is enlarged on palpation, the consistency is slightly hard, smooth. If the disease has already reached the stage of cirrhosis, then the liver will be hard and bumpy to the touch. Also, on palpation of the right hypochondrium, pain is possible. On palpation of the spleen, its enlargement is detected (it is not normally palpated).

Complete blood count for hemochromatosis is not indicative (does not confirm the diagnosis). It is carried out to exclude anemia (decrease in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin). There is a step-by-step scheme for diagnosing hemochromatosis. 1. First step Conduct a test for the concentration of transferrin (iron carrier protein). The specificity (ability to confirm the diagnosis) of this test is 85%. If the concentration of transferrin is above 45% (normally 16-44%), then proceed to the second step.

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Second step Ferritin dosing test.
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If a woman in the premenopausal period (before menopause) has ferritin above 200, the test is considered positive.
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If a woman during menopause has ferritin higher than 300, then the test is considered positive.

If ferritin in men is above 300, the test is also positive.


Normally, ferritin in men does not exceed 300. If the test is positive, go to the third step. The third step is also called the disease confirmation step (hemochromatosis). Phlebotomy (bleeding) is a therapeutic and diagnostic measure in which a certain amount of blood is extracted.

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Genetic analysis is also used to identify the mutant gene.

The diagnostic method is called indirect quantitative phlebotomy. It consists in removing 3 grams of iron. Carry out weekly bloodletting. 500 milliliters of blood contains 200 milligrams of iron. If after removal of 3 g of iron from the body the patient becomes better, the diagnosis is finally confirmed.

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A liver biopsy is often used plaquenil pills

Liver biopsy is currently the most informative method for predicting the disease. Iron is determined using a special Perez stain. After staining, the amount of iron in the liver tissue is determined. the higher it is, the worse the prognosis. Normally, the amount of iron contained in the dried liver tissue does not exceed 1800 micrograms per 1 g. With hemochromatosis, this figure is higher than 10,000 micrograms per 1 g of dried liver.

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The biopsy is performed using a special thin needle. Often, a biopsy is performed under the guidance of hydroxychloroquine pills.

The development of liver failure with cirrhosis of the liver. Cirrhosis is the replacement of normal liver tissue with fibrous connective tissue. The danger of cirrhosis is that the liver can no longer perform its functions to the fullest. The functions of detoxification, the synthesis of various proteins and coagulation factors are impaired. Sepsis is a severe complications, causes, stages, diagnosis, diet, prognosis and prevention.

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DNA analysis allows you to determine the genotype (hereditary constitution of the body).

This occurs with a decrease in the amount of substances involved in the processing of fats. As a result, the formation of phospholipids, beta-lipoproteins, lecithin from fats is disrupted and fats are deposited in liver cells. As the process progresses, the liver loses its ability to neutralize toxins. Fat cells can transform, resulting in fibrosis, and then cirrhosis of the liver. As a rule, fatty hepatosis of the liver occurs in a chronic form.

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In addition, long-term use of certain medications leads to fatty hepatosis. Factors contributing to the development of the disease are. One of the reasons for the development of fatty hepatosis of the liver can be hormonal changes in the female body during pregnancy. It also has an effect on overeating, which is characteristic of expectant mothers. Stages of fatty hepatosis of the liver.

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Causes of fatty hepatosis of the liver.

According to the degree of lipid accumulation and the volume of hepatocyte damage in the development of fatty hepatosis of the liver, 3 stages are distinguished. There are separate foci of accumulations of cells with a high content of triglycerides (a mixture of glycerol and fatty acids). Characterized by an increase in the area of foci and the beginning of the growth of plaquenil pills tissue between hepatocytes.